Литература для двенадцатой главы
12. Growing Up
1. Moffitt, 1993. pp. 675, 686.
2. Harris, 1995. See the preface to the first edition.
3. Chagnon, 1992, p. 85.
4. Yamamoto, Soliman, Parsons, & Davies, 1987.
5. Maturity and status: see Chapter 8, note 85.
6. Valero, 1970, pp. 82-84.
7. Benedict, 1959, pp. 69-70, 103 (originally published in 1934).
8. Benedict, 1959; Delaney, 1995.
9. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1989, p. 604.
10. Weisfeld & Billings, 1988.
11. The ones who resemble us: Smith, 1987. The death of an eight-year-old: R.
Wright, 1994, pp. 174-175. The one-year-old gets the attention: Jenkins, Rasbash,
& O’Connor, 2003; McHale, Crouter, McGuire, & Updegraff, 1995.
12. Eagles and Rattlers: see Chapter 7.
13. Fine, 1986, p. 63.
14. In a 1997 poll, only one out of eight white teenagers said they had heard
their parents say something negative about another race (Farley, 1997).
15. Schlegel & Barry, 1991.
16. Socrates: Rogers, 1977, p. 6. Aristotle: Cole, 1992, p. 778. Both widely
quoted but possibly apocryphal.
17. Baltes, Cornelius, & Nesselroade, 1979.
18. Kindermann, 1993.
19. Social categories in high school: Brown, Mounts, Lamborn, & Steinberg,
1993; Eckert, 1989. Rural areas: Laumann, Gagnon, Michael, & Michaels, 1994.
20. Brown et al., 1993; Juvonen & Murdock, 1993.
21. Merten, 1996a, pp. 11, 20.
22. Sensation seekers: Arnett & Balle-Jensen, 1993; Zuckerman, 1984. Rejected
by their peers: Parker, Rubin, Price, & DeRosier, 1995; Coie & Cillessen, 1993.
Similar to begin with: Rowe, Woulbroun, & Gulley, 1994. The brains get brainier:
social psychologists call it "group polarization”; see Myers, 1982.
23. Brown et al., 1993; Mounts & Steinberg, 1995.
24. Lightfoot, 1992, pp. 240, 235. See also Berndt, 1992.
25. Best predictor of smoking: Stanton & Silva, 1992. Teenagers who smoke: L.
M. Collins et al., 1987; Eckert, 1989; "Study Cites Teen Smoking Risks,” 1995.
26. Rowe, 1994.
27. Barry, 1995.
28. Rigotti, DiFranza, Chang, Tisdale, Kemp, & Singer, 1997.
29. Subsequent studies of the effects of anti-smoking ads have upheld these
predictions. An ad campaign featuring young people confronting the tobacco
industry was effective (Farrelly et al., 2002). A campaign sponsored by the
tobacco industry, advising parents to talk to their kids about the dangers of
smoking, had the opposite effect: teenagers who saw the "talk to your kids” ads
were more likely to smoke (Wakefield et al., 2006).
30. Moffitt, 1993, p.674.
31. Evidendy I was wrong about the influence of the media. Since I wrote
those words, media violence has continued to increase but criminal violence has
gone down. I offer an explanation for the decrease in crime in Harris, 2000b.
32. Valero, 1970, pp. 167-168.
33. Caspi, 1998; Rowe et al., 1994.
34. Dobkin, Tremblay, Masse, & Vitaro, 1995; Rowe et al., 1994.
35. Lab & Whitehead, 1988; Mann, 1994; Tate, Reppucci, & Mulvey, 1995.
36. In fact, as I predicted, putting antisocial teenagers together makes them
more inclined to commit crimes. See Dishion, McCord, & Poulin, 1999.
37. Asch, 1987, pp. 481-482 (originally published in 1952).
38. For example, Berndt, 1979.
39. The acquisition of self-knowledge is one of the important jobs of
childhood. Its purpose, as I explain in No Two Alike, is to enable children to
compete successfully with their peers.
40. James, 1890, p. 294.
41. Stability of adult personality: Caspi, 1998; McCrae & Costa, 1994. Set
like plaster: James, 1890, p. 121.
42. Pinker, 1994, p. 281.